二次世界大戰資料庫 (WW2DB)

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• Manuel Quezon was born. ww2dbase [Manuel Quezon | CPC]

• Kenkichi Ueda was made the chief of staff to the 16th Division. ww2dbase [Kenkichi Ueda | CPC]

• Franklin Roosevelt's son Franklin D., Jr. was born. ww2dbase [Franklin Roosevelt | CPC]
• The first war sortie of the British Royal Flying Corps took place with a reconnaissance patrol in support of the ground troops. ww2dbase [CPC]

• Chiaki Matsuda was assigned to battleship Haruna. ww2dbase [Chiaki Matsuda | CPC]

• Seria Well Number Two (S-2) was drilled in Brunei. ww2dbase [CPC]

• Bolzano was commissioned into service. ww2dbase [Bolzano | CPC]

• Hitler officially became the Führer und Reichskanzler of Germany. ww2dbase [Adolf Hitler | TH]

• A rifle company of two officers and 102 enlisted men arrived in Shanghai, China from Cavite, Philippine Islands to reinforce the US 4th Marine Regiment. ww2dbase [Shanghai | CPC]

• Chinese 27th Army and the Chinese 59th Corps fell back from the defensive line at Huang River, Hubei Province, China. In Jiangxi Province, Japanese 101st Division began landing troops at Xinzi. ww2dbase [Battle of Wuhan | CPC]

• Sir Malcolm Campbell set a new World Water Speed Record on Coniston waters in England, United Kingdom with a recorded speed of 141 miles per hour. ww2dbase [AC]
• The German Navy ordered 21 submarines and two capital ships to prepare for sailing at any given time. The captains of Admiral Graf Spee and Deutschland received orders to go to Brazilian and North Atlantic waters, respectively. ww2dbase [Start of the Battle of the Atlantic | CPC]

• At 1910 hours, Berlin, Germany received the official response from the Soviet Union, via the German embassy in Moscow, Russia, for Joachim von Ribbentrop's visit; the proposed date of the conference was set for 26 Aug, but Ribbentrop would soon attempt to move up the date of the meeting. Shortly before Berlin received the message, Joseph Stalin announced to the Politburo his intention to befriend Germany. ww2dbase [Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact | Moscow | CPC]

• U-40 departed Wilhelmshaven, Germany for her first war patrol. She was to patrol waters off of Gibraltar. ww2dbase [U-40 | Wilhelmshaven, Weser-Ems | CPC]

• Italian troops captured Berbera, British Somaliland. The 17 day conflict has cost the British 250 casualties but the Italians more than 2,000. ww2dbase [Invasion of British Somaliland | AC]
• German submarine U-48 sank Belgian passenger ship Ville de Gand off Ireland just after midnight; 15 were killed and 38 survived. Also off Ireland, at 0154 hours, U-101 sank British ship Ampleforth; 9 were killed and 29 were rescued by British destroyer HMS Warwick. U-A sank British ship Hungarian Kelet off Ireland at 1000 hours, killing 6, all of whom were survivors of the ship Clan Macphee that was sunk by U-30 on 16 Aug 1940; 33 crew and 35 other Clan Macphee survivors were rescued by Norwegian merchant ship Varegg. ww2dbase [First Happy Time | CPC]
• The North American B-25 Mitchell medium bomber took its first flight. ww2dbase [B-25 Mitchell | CPC]
• Dudley Morton was named the commanding officer of USS R-5. ww2dbase [Dudley Morton | R-5 | AC]
• U-56 began her twelfth patrol. ww2dbase [U-56 | CPC]

• Twelve A6M2 Model 11 Zero fighters escorted fifty four G3M2 Type 96 bombers on a mission against the Chinese city of Chongqing; this was the first combat mission of the Zero fighter. ww2dbase [A6M Zero | Chongqing | CPC]

• Alessandro Malaspina sighted a ship in the Atlantic Ocean at 0120 hours at the distance of 5,000 meters. She closed to 1,500 meters by 0139 hours and fired one torpedo. As her crew heard an explosion followed by the sudden silencing of propellers at 0153 hours, the submarine commanding officer claimed a sinking. No Allied records showed the loss of shipping in that area at that time. ww2dbase [First Happy Time | Alessandro Malaspina | CPC]

• USS R-5 was recommissioned into service. ww2dbase [R-5 | CPC]

• Cloud and rain limited German reconnaissance capability in the morning. In the afternoon, German Luftwaffe changed its tactics, sending single aircraft, mainly Ju 88 bombers, to attack targets along the southern coast of England and Wales in the United Kingdom. The Germans lost 1 Bf 109 fighter and 4 Ju 88 bombers during the day, while the British lost 1 Spitfighter fighter in the fighting and 1 Blenheim fighter over southern Norway during a reconnaissance mission. Meanwhile, the government in London declared the entire United Kingdom a defense area. To reinforce the RAF, a Royal Canadian Air Force squadron arrived in Britain. ww2dbase [Battle of Britain | CPC]

1940年8月19日 互動地圖

• Joachim von Ribbentrop requested Japan to join in the attack on the Soviet Union by attacking Vladivostok in eastern Russia; Japan responded by saying that such a venture would require much time for deliberation and planning. ww2dbase [Joachim von Ribbentrop | CPC]
• German X Corps narrowly averted being encircled near Lake Illmen in northern Russia, saved by a counterattack by LVI Corps. ww2dbase [Operation Barbarossa | TH]

• Comandante Cappellini sighted an Italian submarine in the Atlantic Ocean at 1615 hours; it was believed that this was Mocenigo. ww2dbase [Comandante Cappellini | Mocenigo | CPC]

• Replacement prosthetic leg for captured Douglas Bader was dropped by a British bomber over Saint-Omer, Pas-de-Calais, France with permission by German Luftwaffe leaders. After the delivery, the British bomber took the opportunity to surprise-attack a power station in occupied France (though the attack would fail to materialize due to weather). ww2dbase [Douglas Bader | Saint-Omer, Nord-Pas-de-Calais | CPC]

• The first permanent military garrison was established at Wake Atoll, which consisted of 449 men of the US Marine Corps 1st Defense Battalion under the command of US Navy Commander Winfield Scott Cunningham. ww2dbase [Wake | CPC]

• Soviet troops in the Caucasus region of southern Russia launched the Novorossiysk Defensive Operation. ww2dbase [Caucasus Campaign | CPC]
• German submarine U-507 stopped Brazilian sailing vessel Jacyra at 0530 hours, forced her crew of 6 to abandon ship, and scuttled her at 0800 hours with charges. At 0907 hours, U-510 sank British merchant ship Cressington Court 200 miles off French Guiana; 8 were killed, 36 survived. German submarine U-406 attacked Allied convoy SL-118 450 miles west of Portugal at 1622 hours, fatally damaging British ship City of Manila; 1 was killed, 95 survived. ww2dbase [Second Happy Time | CPC]
• German submarine U-162 attacked an Allied convoy 40 miles west of Grenada, sinking US ship West Celina at 0437 hours (1 was killed, 43 survived); at 1007 hours, U-564 joined in on the attack, sinking British ship Empire Cloud (3 were killed, 51 survived) and British tanker British Consul (2 were killed, 40 survived). German submarine U-217 sank British sailing vessel Sea Gull D. 75 miles southeast of Bonaire island in the southern Caribbean Sea at 2112 hours; 3 were killed, 71 survived. ww2dbase [Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico Campaigns | CPC]
• HMS Banff (Y 43) disembarked 11 survivors of steam tanker Mirlo, lost to German submarine U-130 on 11 Aug 1942, in Freetown, Sierra Leone. ww2dbase [HM]
• Internees of the Portland Assembly Center in Oregon, United States were informed that they were to be relocated to Heart Mountain Relocation Center in Wyoming, United States; Minidoka War Relocation Center in Idaho, United States; and Tule Lake War Relocation Center in California, United States. ww2dbase [Portland Assembly Center | CPC]

• Soviets launched the Sinyavino Offensive in the Leningrad region in northern Russia, with troops of the Leningrad Front capturing several bridgeheads across the Neva River. The Volkhov Front, however, failed to launch its offensive in concert. ww2dbase [Siege of Leningrad | CPC]
• German submarine U-209 attempted to approach Belushya Guba in the Novaya Zemlya islands in northern Russia, but was spotted by Soviet motor boat Poliarny, minesweeper T-39, and minesweeper T-58, which drove off U-209. ww2dbase [Arctic Convoys | Belushya Guba, Arkhangelsk | CPC]

• 5,000 Canadian troops, 1,000 British Commandos, 50 US Rangers, and 58 British Churchill tanks landed at Dieppe, France at 0500 hours in Operation Jubilee via 9 landing ships, covered by 8 destroyers, many smaller warships, and many aircraft. British and Americans were successful in destroying a German battery near Varengeville, but British and Canadian troops on a nearby beach were pinned down, suffering 1,179 killed before the mission's end. As German aircraft counterattacked, British destroyer HMS Berkeley and several smaller ships were sunk. The operation was called off by 1100 hours in dismal failure. 2,190 Allied troops were captured along with all of the tanks and heavy equipment. The British RAF lost 106 aircraft. The Germans suffered only 311 killed and 48 aircraft shot down in the defense. ww2dbase [Attack on Dieppe | Dieppe, Haute-Normandie | TH, CPC]
• James Johnson flew a mission over Dieppe, France, covering the amphibious operation. ww2dbase [James Johnson | Dieppe, Haute-Normandie | CPC]
• At Dieppe, France, Corporal Franklin Koons, 1st Ranger Battalion, becomes the first US infantryman to kill a German soldier in combat during WW2; at nearby Berneval, Lieutenant Edwin.D. Loustalot, 1st Ranger Battalion became the first Ranger and US infantry officer to be killed in action in Europe during WW2 as he fell while leading a charge against an enemy gun post. ww2dbase [Dieppe, Haute-Normandie | AC]
• Despite being wounded three times, Captain Pat Porteous, liaison officer with British No. 4 Commando, led a text book bayonet charge through a hail of machine-gun fire to eliminate (with deadly hand-to-hand combat) the Varengeville-sur-Mer battery in France which threatened the safety of the ships laying off the coast 0f Dieppe. For this gallant action, Captain Porteous would be awarded the Victoria Cross. ww2dbase [Dieppe, Haute-Normandie | AC]
• Pilot Officer Hollis H. Hills, an American volunteer in the Royal Canadian Air Force, was credited with the first air-to-air victory with the North American Mustang (P-51) fighter when he shot down a Fw 190 fighter over Dieppe, France. Californian Hills would later serve in the US Navy flying F6F Hellcat fighters. ww2dbase [Dieppe, Haute-Normandie | AC]

• The survivors of USS S-39, which ran aground on 13 Aug 1942, arrived at Townsville, Australia via HMAS Katoomba. ww2dbase [S-39 | Townsville, Queensland | CPC]
• Submarine USS Thresher arrived at Albany, Australia and moored alongside submarine tender USS Pelias. ww2dbase [Thresher | Albany | DS]

• Submarine Harder was launched at Groton, Connecticut, United States, sponsored by Miss Helen M. Shaforth. ww2dbase [Electric Boat Company | Harder | Groton, Connecticut | CPC]

• Japanese destroyers Kagero, Kagikaze, Maikaze, Urakaze, Isokaze, and Hamakaze landed 916 men at Taivu Point, Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands at 0100 hours. Men of Company L, US 5th Marine Regiment attacked a Japanese construction battalion west of the Matanikau River at Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands at midday. On the same day, Company I of the same regiment conducted an amphibious raid further west at Kokumbona. Out at sea, Japanese destroyer Hagikaze was damaged by a bomb during an attack by US B-17 bombers; 33 were killed, 13 were wounded. ww2dbase [Guadalcanal Campaign | Guadalcanal | CPC]
• At Henderson Field on Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands, the forward echelon of Marine Aircraft Group 23 (19 F4F fighters and 12 SBD-3 dive bombers) arrived. ww2dbase [Guadalcanal Campaign | Henderson Field | Lunga Point, Guadalcanal | CPC]

• Walter Grabmann stepped down as the commanding officer of the Zerstörerschule 2 training unit based in Memmingen, Germany and was named the chief of all fighter units based in the Netherlands. ww2dbase [Walter Grabmann | CPC]

• USS Louisville and USS St. Louis departed Kodiak, Alaska on an Alaskan patrol. ww2dbase [Louisville | St. Louis | Kodiak | DS]

1942年8月19日 互動地圖

• As discussed in the Quebec Conference between US President Franklin Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, British scientists, including Klaus Fuchs, were to join the Manhattan Project. ww2dbase [Operation Trinity and Manhattan Project | CPC]
• German defenses along the Mius River were breached near Stalino (now Donetsk), Ukraine. ww2dbase [TH]
• German Luftwaffe Chief of Staff Oberstgeneral Hans Jeschonnek committed suicide. ww2dbase [TH]
• USS Finback attacked several Japanese surface ships with gunfire east of Borneo, sinking one small patrol vessel. ww2dbase [Finback | CPC]
• USS S-35 suffered mechanical issues in the port engine crankshaft and couplings and set sail for Dutch Harbor, US Territory of Alaska to receive repairs. ww2dbase [S-35 | CPC]
• US Marine Corps squadron VMF-214 was transferred to US Marine Aircraft Group 11 based in Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides. The pilots would not leave for Espiritu Santo until 3 Sep 1943. ww2dbase [CPC]
• Destroyers USS Nicholas, USS Chevalier, USS O’Bannon, and USS Taylor departed Tulagi, Solomon Islands for a nighttime patrol to the northern reaches of the New Georgia Sound (The “Slot”) to interdict Japanese shipping. ww2dbase [Solomon Islands Campaign | Nicholas | DS]

• USS Wahoo sighted a Soviet ship in the Sea of Okhotsk; she took no action. ww2dbase [Wahoo | Sea of Okhotsk | CPC]

• Paul von Kleist was mentioned in the Wehrmachtbericht daily radio report. ww2dbase [Paul von Kleist | CPC]

• The headquarters of USAAF 375th Troop Carrier Group was transferred to Dobodura Airfield, Australian Papua. ww2dbase [Dobodura Airfield | Dobodura | CPC]

• Fritz Kolbe traveled to Bern, Switzerland with a diplomatic bag; he had intended to pass on German secrets to the Western Allies while in Switzerland. ww2dbase [Fritz Kolbe | Bern | CPC]

• USS Alabama completed a scheduled overhaul at Norfolk Navy Yard, Virginia, United States. ww2dbase [Norfolk Navy Yard | Alabama | Portsmouth, Virginia | CPC]

• From Britain, Claude Auchinleck cabled Winston Churchill in Canada, attempting to convince the British Prime Minister to decrease the number of brigades to be assigned to Orde Wingate to only three; Wingate had requested eight. ww2dbase [Claude Auchinleck | CPC]
• USS Ranger arrived at Scapa Flow, Scotland where she joined the Royal Navy’s Home Fleet. ww2dbase [Ranger | Orkney Islands, Scotland | DS]

• Destroyer USS Saufley arrived at Tulagi, Solomon Islands and disembarked the survivors of LST-396. ww2dbase [Saufley | Tulagi, Solomon Islands | DS]

• Robert Johnson scored his second kill over Woensdrecht, the Netherlands, shooting down a German Bf 109G fighter. ww2dbase [Robert Johnson | Woensdrecht | CPC]
• The USAAF 306th Bomb Group flying from RAF Thurleigh launched a bombing raid against Flushing (now Vlissingen), Airfield in Holland. ww2dbase [RAF Thurleigh | Vlissingen | DS]

1943年8月19日 互動地圖

• German troops in the Falaise pocket in France were ordered to break out. ww2dbase [Normandy Campaign, Phase 2 | TH]
• Soviet forces began an offensive toward the Balkan Peninsula. ww2dbase [TH]
• USS Segundo began taking on ammunition and supplies for a war patrol. ww2dbase [Segundo | CPC]
• Hauptmann Werner Schmidt of the German Kampfgeschwader 55 wing was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. ww2dbase [CPC]

• USS Bluefish sank a Japanese transport and a Japanese oiler in the South China Sea, hitting them with 9 of 12 torpedoes fired. ww2dbase [Bluefish | South China Sea | CPC]

• Z35 and Z36 began escorting heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen off the Latvian coast. ww2dbase [Z35 | Z36 | CPC]

• Landing ship No. 157 was completed. ww2dbase [No. 101/103-class | CPC]

• Field Marshal Günther von Kluge committed suicide by taking cyanide near Metz, France after being relieved of his command and recalled to Berlin, Germany. ww2dbase [Günther von Kluge | Metz, Lorraine | CPC, AC]
• In Paris, France Raoul Nordling, the Swedish Consul-General went to General Dietrich Choltitz, military Commander of Paris, with a proposal to barter 600 Germans captured by the Resistance for 4,213 French prisoners held by the Germans in the Paris area. This was something of a showpiece exchange designed to impress Berlin, for the French prisoners not only vastly outnumbered the German captives but, unlike them, were to be released immediately. Outside the city, American troops began to reach the Seine River. ww2dbase [Liberation of Paris | Paris | TH, AC]
• F6F-5 Hellcat fighters flying from USS Tulagi became the first US Navy Hellcats to score aerial victories in the European Theater when fighters from Squadron VOF-1 shot down three Heinkel He-111 medium bombers south of Lyon in southern France. ww2dbase [He 111 Doppel-Blitz | F6F Hellcat | Invasion of Southern France | Vienne, Isère | DS]

• Submarine USS Narwhal arrived at Darwin, Australia. ww2dbase [Narwhal | Darwin | DS]

• USS Sunfish completed her refit at Midway Atoll. ww2dbase [Midway Bases | Sunfish (Gato-class) | Midway | CPC]

• Italian 10th MAS Flotilla established the "Mataluno Column" at Sesto Calende, Italy. ww2dbase [Sesto Calende, Lombardia | CPC]
• Near Pisa, Italy, despite having been wounded by mortar fire, Masato Nakae remained on the line and played a key part in halting the subsequent German attempt to advance. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross for his gallantry. ww2dbase [Masato Nakae | Toscana | CPC]

• A V-1 flying bomb went astray and impacted in Norfolk, England, United Kingdom near RAF Thorpe Abbots, the base of the 100th Bomber Group (The bloody One Hundredth). The base diarist commented that, "The tannoy gave a red alert and two seconds later the buzz bomb blew". Three Polish squadrons (316, 315 and 306) were in action, shooting down 12 V-1 flying bombs between them, with Warrant officer Józef Feruga (316 Squadronn) taking down 3 of them over Dungeness, Kent. ww2dbase [V-Weapons Campaign | Vergeltungswaffe 1 | Diss, England | HM]

• Destroyer USS Shaw anchored in Apra Harbor, Guam, Mariana Islands and served as an anti-aircraft ship for the next three weeks. ww2dbase [Mariana Islands Campaign | Shaw | Apra | DS]

1944年8月19日 互動地圖

• USS Caiman arrived at Subic Bay, Zambales, Philippine Islands, ending her fourth war patrol. ww2dbase [Caiman | CPC]
• USS Segundo reconnoitered waters off the Kurile Islands, monitoring Soviet activity. ww2dbase [Segundo | CPC]

• Soviet SMERSH operatives convinced General Otozo Yamada to surrender at Xinjing (Changchun), China. ww2dbase [Manchurian Strategic Offensive | Otozo Yamada | Changchun, Jilin | CPC]
• Hiroshi Nemoto was named the commanding officer of the Japanese North China Area Army while still retaining his command over the Japanese Mongolian Garrison Army. ww2dbase [Hiroshi Nemoto | CPC]
• Demchugdongrub and his followers departed Kalgan, Chahar Province (now Zhangjiakou), China for Beijing, China as Soviet-backed Outer Mongolian troops neared the city from the north and communist Chinese troops approached from the south, thus effectively ending the Japanese puppet state of Mengjiang. ww2dbase [Demchugdongrub | Kalgan, Chahar | CPC]
• US forces entered Shanghai, China to prevent Chinese communists from occupying the city. Chinese Nationalist forces would finally arrive in Shanghai on 3 Sep 1945. ww2dbase [Shanghai | CPC]

• Submarine USS Saury departed Pearl Harbor, Hawai'i bound for San Francisco, California. ww2dbase [Saury | Pearl Harbor, Oahu | DS]
• Submarine USS Spearfish departed Pearl Harbor, Hawai'i bound for Mare Island Naval Shipyard in California. ww2dbase [Spearfish | Pearl Harbor, Oahu | DS]

• Japanese troops were told by their government that surrendering under the terms of a ceasefire would not be considered a loss of honour under the Bushido code which demanded fighting to the death. As a result thousands began laying down their arms. Meanwhile, more than 100 Allied warships waited off the coast of Japan for the order to enter her ports. ww2dbase [Japan's Surrender | AC]
• On instructions from Douglas MacArthur, a Japanese delegation led by Japanese Imperial Army Vice Chief of Staff Lt General Torashiro Kawabe traveled from Tokyo, Japan to Ie Jima just off Okinawa where they were transferred from their two specially marked Mitsubishi G4M ‘Betty’ bombers to a USAAF C-54 Skymaster for the second leg of their trip to Manila, Philippines where they met with MacArthur. ww2dbase [G4M | C-54 Skymaster | Japan's Surrender | Ie Jima, Ryukyus | DS]

• Ho Chi Mihn, backed by Vo Nguyen Giap's 30,000-strong Chu Luc force, took over control of Hanoi, Vietnam, French Indochina. ww2dbase [Hanoi, Vietnam | AC]
• In Tonkin, French Indochina, tens of thousands of villagers in support of the Viet Minh marched from the countrysides into Hanoi. Amongst them was an armed unit of Viet Minh which dispersed the local police while Japanese forces refrained from interference. By 1100 hours, the crowd grew to about 200,000. Shortly after, the Viet Minh took over the Viceroy's Palace. A number of Japanese tanks approached with plans to maintain peace, but they departed after some negotiations. ww2dbase [Hanoi, Tonkin | CPC]

• The first public conference of the Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League, which was held at the Naythuyain Theater on Kandawgyi Lake in Rangoon, Burma, came to a close. Aung San, who promised to unite the various anti-colonial groups in Burma, emerged the foremost leader of Burmese nationalists, especially as the communists broke away from the AFO. ww2dbase [Aung San | Rangoon | AC, CPC]

• US Secretary of State James Byrnes declared that Thailand was "not an enemy but as a country to be liberated from the enemy", in response to Regent Pridi Phanomyong's declaration that Thailand's participation in WW2 was unconstitutional. ww2dbase [James Byrnes | Washington | CPC]

• President Sukarno of the newly founded Republic of Indonesia announced the names of his cabinet ministers. Meanwhile, the Peta militia and Heiho volunteers, both of which pro-Japanese para-military war-time organizations, began to be disbanded. ww2dbase [CPC]

• A band of Chinese guerrilla fighters attacked a company of Japanese Army troops at Mui Wo, Lantau Island, Hong Kong. In retaliation, acting company commander Lieutenant Chozaburo Matsumoto ordered several civilians nearby to be tied to stakes and beaten. When company commander Lieutenant Yasuo Kishi returned to duty later that day, he ordered the arrest and beheading of village elders Tsang Sau and Lam Fook. Later in the evening, Matsumoto ordered further arrests. ww2dbase [Lantau | CPC]

• Malayan nationalist leader and war time Japanese collaborator Ibrahim Yaacob and his family escaped British Malaya for Java, Dutch East Indies. ww2dbase [CPC]

1945年8月19日 互動地圖

• Ilse Koch was found guilty of violating laws and customs of war, and sentenced to life imprisonment. ww2dbase [Ilse Koch | CPC]

• USS Missouri set sail for Korea. ww2dbase [Missouri | CPC]

• Artur Axmann was fined 35,000 German Marks by a court in West Berlin, Germany for indoctrinating German boys with Nazi Party ideology. ww2dbase [Artur Axmann | Berlin | CPC]

• Cruiser Honolulu was scrapped at Sparrow Point, Maryland. ww2dbase [Honolulu | Baltimore, Maryland | DS]

• USS Spot was recommissioned into service. ww2dbase [Spot | CPC]

• USS Archerfish arrived at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. United States. ww2dbase [Archerfish | Honolulu, Oahu | CPC]