Submarine U-23

U-23

國家	德國
艦級	Type II 級潛艇
造船廠	Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft
Yard Number	553
Slip/Drydock Number	II
訂購日期	1935年2月2日
安放龍骨日期	1936年4月11日
下水日期	1936年8月28日
服役日期	1936年9月24日
沉沒日期	1944年9月10日
排水量	279 tons standard; 328 tons submerged
長度	140 feet
寬度	13 feet
吃水	13 feet
動力來源	Two MWM RS 127 S 6cyl diesel engines (690bhp), two Siemens-Schuckert PG VV 322/36 double-acting elector motors (450shp), two shafts
速度	12 knots
續航力	3,000nm at 8 knots surfaced, 1,800nm at 12 knots surfaced, 35-43nm at 4 knots submerged
乘員	25
武裝	3x53.3cm bow torpedo tubes, 1x2cm anti-aircraft gun, 5 torpedoes or 12 TMA mines or 18 TMB mines
Submerged Speed	7 knots

Contributor: C. Peter Chen

ww2dbaseBuilt by Germaniawerft, U-23 was a Type IIB submarine launched and commissioned in 1936. At the start of the Atlantic War, as a member of the 1st Submarine Flotilla, she scored one of German Navy's first successes as she sank British merchant ship Glen Farg by torpedo and gunfire in the North Atlantic. After a successful stint that saw her sinking 7 merchant ships and 1 warship in the Atlantic Ocean, she was transferred to the 21st Submarine Flotilla, a training unit, in Jul 1940. In Sep 1942, she was broken up into sections and transported along the Danube River to Galați, Romania, where she was re-assembled for service in the Black Sea with the 30th Submarine Flotilla, whose home port was Constanţa, Romania. She sank a Soviet warship and several merchant ships with the 30th Submarine Flotilla. On 10 Sep 1944, she was scuttled off the Turkish coast to prevent capture by the advancing Soviet forces. Her wreck was discovered by Turkish marine engineer Selçuk Kolay at the depth of 49 meters (160 feet) near Ağva, Turkey.

ww2dbaseSource: Wikipedia

Last Major Revision: Feb 2022

Submarine U-23 互動地圖

U-23 Operational Timeline

1935年2月2日	The order for the construction of U-23 was issued.
1936年4月11日	The keel of U-23 was laid down by Germaniawerft in Kiel, Germany.
1936年8月28日	U-23 was launched by Germaniawerft in Kiel, Germany.
1936年9月1日	U-23 was assigned to the 1st Submarine Flotilla; Korvettenkapitän Eberhard Friedrich Clemens Godt was named her commanding officer.
1936年9月24日	U-23 was commissioned into service.
1937年10月1日	Kapitänleutnant Otto Kretschmer was named the commanding officer of U-23, relieving Kapitänleutnant Hans-Günther Looff.
1939年8月1日	U-23 was detached from the 1st Submarine Flotilla.
1939年8月24日	U-23 began her first war patrol.
1939年9月1日	U-23 was officially assigned to the 1st Submarine Flotilla, although she was already at sea on her first war patrol.
1939年9月4日	U-23 completed her first war patrol.
1939年9月9日	U-23 began her second war patrol.
1939年9月30日	U-23 completed her second war patrol.
1939年10月1日	U-23 began her third war patrol.
1939年10月4日	U-23 spotted British merchant ship Glen Farg (Master Robert Galloway Hall) at 0445 hours about 110 kilometers (about 69 miles) south-southwest of Sumburgh Head, Shetland Islands in the North Atlantic, and stopped the ship with machine gun fire. At 0600 hours, when she detected that the British was sending out distress calls, she sank the ship with one G7a torpedo and gunfire. One crew member was killed. The 16 survivors were picked up by HMS Firedrake.
1939年10月16日	U-23 completed her third war patrol.
1939年11月1日	U-23 began her fourth war patrol.
1939年11月9日	U-23 completed her fourth war patrol.
1939年12月5日	U-23 began her fifth war patrol.
1939年12月7日	U-23 fired a torpedo at Danish ship Scotia, sailing in ballast, in the North Sea at 2326 hours. The submarine would continue to pursue into the next day.
1939年12月8日	U-23 sank Danish merchant ship Scotia, sailing in ballast, in the North Sea with 0004 hours with one torpedo. Nineteen were killed. The two survivors were picked up by the nearby Danish merchant ship Hafnia immediately.
1939年12月15日	U-23 completed her fifth war patrol.
1940年1月8日	U-23 began her sixth war patrol.
1940年1月11日	The Fredville, a 1,150-ton Norwegian steam merchant, was attacked and sunk approximately 100 miles east of the Orkney Isles at 1632 hours. There had been two explosions in the hold, the first seemed to cause little damage but 10 minutes later a much larger explosion broke the ship in two. The ship in ballast was on her way to Methil, Scotland, United Kingdom. 5 of the crew found time to get into a lifeboat and made repeated attempts to find any more survivors from the after part of the ship that remained afloat but none were found. The 5 men were picked up by a Swedish ship and taken to Kopervik, Karmøy Island, Norway. It was probable that the ship was sunk by German submarine U-23 (Otto Kretschmer), though at the enquiry held later the crew said that they thought there could have been bombs put into the coal bunkers by the Wollweber Group who were a group of Communist saboteurs who were responsible for the loss of several Scandinavian ships; they also stated that the ship was marked with the Norwegian flag and had navigation lights on.
1940年1月12日	German submarine U-23 torpedoed and sank Danish oil tanker Danmark in Inganess Bay, Kirkwall, Orkney Islands, Scotland, United Kingdom at 0650 hours. Her crew of 40 escaped safely, but the 14,000 tons of fuel destined for the Allied war effort were lost.
1940年1月15日	U-23 completed her sixth war patrol.
1940年1月18日	U-23 began her seventh war patrol.
1940年1月24日	German submarine U-23 torpedoed and sank Norwegian cargo ship Varild in the North Sea at 1900 hours, killing the entire crew of 15.
1940年1月29日	U-23 completed her seventh war patrol.
1940年2月9日	U-23 began her eighth war patrol.
1940年2月18日	British Royal Navy D-class destroyer HMS Daring (H16; Commander Sydney Alan Cooper), whilst escorting Allied convoy HN-12 from Norway, was attacked by German submarine U-23 (Kapitänleutnant Otto Kretschmer) at 0354 hours. Two torpedoes struck the 1,375-ton ship and she sank immediately about 40 miles east of the Pentland Firth, Orkney Islands, Scotland, United Kingdom. 147 officers and men were lost. 1 officer and 3 ratings were picked up from a float by HMS Ingleield (D02) and taken to Scapa Flow, Scotland and another rating was found amidst the debris and rescued by the submarine HMS Thistle (N24) assisted by HMS Ilex (D61) and taken to Rosyth, Scotland.
1940年2月19日	U-23 sank British merchant ship Tiberton with a G7e torpedo at 0405 hours in the North Sea about 33 miles east of Kirkwall, Orkney Islands, Scotland, United Kingdom. It broke in two and sank within 30 seconds, killing all 34 aboard. The ship was carrying iron ore from Norway, bound for Britain.
1940年2月22日	In the Atlantic Ocean, German submarine U-23 sank British steamer Loch Maddy, which was damaged by U-57 and abandoned by its crew on the previous day.
1940年4月1日	Otto Kretschmer stepped down as the commanding officer of U-23.
1940年4月8日	Kapitänleutnant Heinz Beduhn was named the commanding officer of U-23.
1940年4月10日	U-23 completed her eighth war patrol.
1940年4月13日	U-23 began her ninth war patrol.
1940年5月3日	U-23 completed her ninth war patrol.
1940年5月20日	Oberleutnant Heinrich Driver was named the commanding officer of U-23, relieving Heinz Beduhn.
1940年7月1日	U-23 was assigned to the 21st Submarine Flotilla.
1940年10月1日	Oberleutnant Kurt Reichenbach-Klinke was named the commanding officer of U-23, relieving Heinrich Driver.
1941年3月21日	Oberleutnant Ernst-Ulrich Brüller was named the commanding officer of U-23, relieving Kurt Reichenbach-Klinke.
1941年9月24日	Oberleutnant Ulrich Gräf was named the commanding officer of U-23, relieving Ernst-Ulrich Brüller.
1942年3月27日	Oberleutnant Rolf-Birger Wahlen was named the commanding officer of U-23, relieving Ulrich Gräf.
1942年8月26日	U-23 was detached from the 21st Submarine Flotilla.
1943年6月27日	U-23 began her tenth war patrol.
1943年7月19日	U-23 completed her tenth war patrol.
1943年8月10日	U-23 began her eleventh war patrol.
1943年8月24日	U-23 sank Soviet patrol ship Shkval with gunfire and hand-thrown grenades and explosives about 35 kilometers (about 22 miles) south of Sukhumi, Georgia at 2315 hours. Three were killed. Seven survivors in a lifeboat reached shore at 1100 hours on the next day.
1943年9月9日	U-23 completed her eleventh war patrol.
1943年10月10日	U-23 began her twelfth war patrol.
1943年10月15日	U-23 damaged Soviet minesweeping trawler TSC-486 Sovetskja Rossiya with a torpedo just off the Georgian coast at 2131 hours. U-23 attempted to follow the small three-ship convoy, but was driven away by gunfire.
1943年10月23日	U-23 sank Soviet merchant ship Tanais, at anchor off Poti, Georgia, with a torpedo. The ship broke in two, with the stern sinking immediately, and the bow sinking a few minutes later. Eleven were killed, ten survived.
1943年11月11日	U-23 completed her twelfth war patrol.
1943年12月14日	U-23 began her thirteenth war patrol.
1944年1月7日	U-23 completed her thirteenth war patrol.
1944年3月30日	U-23 began her fourteenth war patrol.
1944年4月5日	Soviet patrol craft SKA-099 detected German submarine U-23 just off Poti, Georgia at 0115 hours, and attacked with gunfire. U-23 responded with her 20mm gun and machine guns before escaping. SKA-099 sufered damage and would return to service later, though the Germans thought SKA-099 had been sunk.
1944年4月24日	U-23 completed her fourteenth war patrol.
1944年5月17日	U-23 began her fifteenth war patrol.
1944年6月7日	U-23 completed her fifteenth war patrol.
1944年6月20日	Oberleutnant Rudolf Arendt was named the commanding officer of U-23, relieving Kapitänleutnant Rolf-Birger Wahlen.
1944年8月16日	U-23 began her sixteenth and final war patrol.
1944年9月1日	U-23 fired three torpedoes into the harbor of Constanţa, Romania and reported three detonations at about 0333 hours. Two of them of them damaged berthing facilities, while another struck and sank the already-damaged Romanian merchant ship Oituz. U-23 departed at about 0400 hours and laid one EMS mine in the roads near Tuzla lighthouse about 10 kilometers to the south.
1944年9月10日	U-23 was scuttled off Ağva, Turkey to prevent Soviet capture.

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U-23