二次世界大戰資料庫 (WW2DB)

Contributor: C. Peter Chen

ww2dbaseJosip Broz Tito was born Josip Broz in Kumrovec in the Austro-Hungarian Empire in present-day Croatia. His father was Croatian and his mother was Slovenian. He was not educated in his childhood. In 1907 he became a machinist's apprentice in Sisak, and three years later joined a metallurgy workers union, becoming politically active regarding labor issues. In the same year, he also joined the Social-Democratic Party of Croatia and Slavonia. During WW1, he was arrested for anti-war propaganda and sent to the Eastern Front to fight against Russia where he was captured by the Russians. He spent time in a work camp in the Ural Mountains where he continued to fight for workers' rights despite the fact that the workers were all prisoners of war. During the inter-war years, he continued the same aspirations and eventually enlisted in the Russian Army in Siberia and in 1918 joined the Russian Communist Party. As he gained the trust of Communist leadership, he was returned to Yugoslavia by his the Comintern in 1936, and by 1937 became secretary general of the Yugoslav Communist party. By this time, he was going by the name Tito which he is better known as today.

ww2dbaseYugoslavia was engulfed in WW2 during the German invasion of the Balkans, and the nation capitulated in Apr 1941. As chief of the military committee of the Yugoslav Communist Party, Tito led the Yugoslav communists in their resistance against the Axis occupation forces. Resistance began sporadically, but soon gathered momentum as Tito continued to call on the Yugoslavs to fight against Fascism. As Tito's men liberated territories from Axis control, he proclaimed himself the leader of a provisional Yugoslav government on 4 Dec 1943 and set policies for post-war Yugoslavia. These actions brought him negative attention from Berlin as he became one of the most wanted men of the German forces in the region, but at the same time it also gained rather favorable views from the western Allies. In after the Tehran Conference of Nov 1943, Tito's resistance group became the group the western Allies supported for the fight against Germany in Yugoslavia. The British organized the Balkan Air Force to support Tito's initiatives, though his close ties of Russia somewhat alarmed the western Allies. On 5 Apr 1945, he allowed Russian troops to enter Yugoslavia, which helped driving Axis forces out of Yugoslavia.

ww2dbaseAfter WW2, Tito remained in power as the leader of Democratic Federal Yugoslavia; in Nov 1945 he was named Prime Minister and the Minister of Foreign Affairs. He rounded up political enemies, including the leader of Četnik, Dragoljub Mihailović, who fought against the Axis occupation during the war as well. His men were also allegedly involved in the murder or deportation of ethnic Germans in Yugoslavia. Over the next few years Tito's policies drifted from that of Moscow, and on 28 Jun 1948 the Yugoslav Communist Party was detached from Russia. In 1950, he experimented with some limited elements of capitalism. As he assumed the role of President on 14 Jan 1953, he set into motion the reformation of the country into a socialist republic. The nation was officially renamed the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia on 7 Apr 1963. His brand of socialism was unique in Eastern Europe, and his people enjoyed a slightly higher standard of living in the region. The economic successes gave him the charisma to tie the country together despite episodes of ethnic and political tension. On 16 May 1974, a new constitution gave him the authority of the presidency for life.

ww2dbaseIn Jan 1980 Tito was admitted into a hospital for blood circulation problems in his legs. His left leg was eventually amputated. He passed away in the same hospital in May 1980. His death created a power vacuum, and the ethnic and political divides grew into war that lasted for many years.

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Josip Tito Timeline

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