二次世界大戰資料庫 (WW2DB)

Contributor: C. Peter Chen

ww2dbaseAustralia became involved in the Pacific War in Dec 1941, and the Royal Australian Air Force was ill-prepared to face the superior Japanese fighter aircraft. Taking the Pratt & Whitney Twin Wasp engines, the most powerful engines available to Australians at the time (license built by the Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation), Lawrence Wackett and Fred David designed the CA-12 Boomerang aircraft based upon the Wirraway trainer aircraft starting on 21 Dec 1941.

ww2dbaseWackett and David designed the CA-12 Boomerang fighters as small fighters that were maneuverable enough to engage faster Japanese fighters in dogfights. They were also designed to carry ample firepower and armor plating. On 2 Feb 1942, the RAAF ordered 105 CA-12 Mark I aircraft before seeing the flight of the prototype, which would not take place until May. The first batch of CA-12 Boomerang fighters were disappointing, however; the heavy armament and armor deprived the fighters of the maneuverability particularly in higher altitudes. The CA-13 variant began production not long after CA-12, but the improvements were not significant.

ww2dbaseWhen the Boomerang fighters entered service, in addition to the poor performance, Spitfire fighters from the United Kingdom and P-40 Kittyhawk fighters from the United States had already been ordered by the RAAF; additionally, P-47 Thunderbolt and P-51 Mustang fighters were on order from the United States. As a result, No. 83 and No. 85 Squadrons RAAF and their Boomerang fighters were limited to home defense only, and only No. 84 Squadron was sent to the front lines of New Guinea to participate in combat. Pilots of the No. 84 Squadron complained of inadequate speed and poor high altitude performance, and switched to P-40 Kittyhawk fighters only eight months after receiving their Boomerang fighters.

ww2dbaseAs No. 4 and No. 5 Squadrons RAAF received their Boomerang fighters, however the pilots discovered they were excellent close support aircraft. In New Guinea, these Boomerang fighters performed bombing, strafing, and artillery spotting missions with great success.

ww2dbaseTo address the performance issues of the CA-12 and CA-13 Boomerang fighters, efforts were spent on the CA-14 variant design, with the primary change being the adaptation of more powerful engines. Initially, Wright Cyclone R-2600 and then Wright Cyclone R-2800 engines were chosen, but in the end, the CA-14 variant aircraft made use of the same Pratt & Whitney Twin Wasp engines as the CA-12, but General Electric B-2 turbo-superchargers were added to increase the power output. By Jul 1943, CA-14A aircraft were able to surpass the CA-12 design in top speed and altitude, however, this improved design never reached production.

ww2dbaseIn all, between 1942 and 1945, 105 CA-12, 95 CA-13, and 49 CA-19 (reconnaissance aircraft with vertical cameras) were built for a total of 249.

ww2dbaseSource: Wikipedia.

Boomerang Timeline

SPECIFICATIONS

CA-12

Machinery	One Pratt & Whitney R-1830 Twin Wasp radial engine rated at 1,200hp
Armament	2x20mm Hispano or CAC cannons, 4x7.7mm Browning machine guns
Crew	1
Span	10.97 m
Length	7.77 m
Height	2.92 m
Wing Area	20.90 m²
Weight, Empty	2,437 kg
Weight, Loaded	3,492 kg
Speed, Maximum	491 km/h
Rate of Climb	14.90 m/s
Service Ceiling	8,800 m
Range, Normal	1,500 km

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