二次世界大戰資料庫 (WW2DB)

Contributor: C. Peter Chen

ww2dbaseJohn Standish Surtees Prendergast Vereker was born in London, England, United Kingdom into the Anglo-Irish aristocratic Vereker family. He spent many of his childhood years in County Durham in northern England and the Isle of Wight off southern England. He attended Malvern Link Preparatory School and Harrow School before enrolling in the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, in Jan 1904. Prior to Woolwich, he succeeded his father as the 6th Viscount Gort (Peerage of Ireland). He graduated from the military academy in 1905 and was commissioned in the Grenadier Guards in Jul of that year. In 1910, at the rank of lieutenant, he commanded the non-commissioned officers who served in the role of pall-bearers to the deceased King Edward VII. On 22 Feb 1911, he married Corinna Vereker, a second cousin, at the Guards Chapel, Wellington Barracks, London; they would later have three children between 1912 and 1914. He was promoted to the rank of captain in Aug 1914. During WW1, he served with the war time rank of brevet major and acting lieutenant colonel on the Western Front, winning the Distinguished Service Order in Jun 1917 and bars to the DSO in Sep 1917 and Jan 1919. In Sep 1918, at the Battle of Canal du Nord in France, he personally led his men to advance under heavy fire despite being wounded, which led to the capture of over 200 enemy prisoners of war; for this, he was awarded the Victoria Cross on 27 Nov 1918. In Nov 1919, he was promoted to the permanent rank of major; in the same year, he completed a course at the Staff College in Camberley, Surrey, England. Between 1921 and May 1923, he was an instructor at the Staff College, during which time he became a sailer and joined the Royal Yacht Squadron in 1922. In 1924, he rewrote the Infantry training manual. In 1925, Lord Gort and Corinna Vereker divorced. In Apr 1926, he was promoted to the rank of colonel. In Jan 1927, he visited Shanghai, China, returning in Aug to provide his personal analysis to King George V and the Prince of Wales (future King Edward VIII). In Jun 1928, he was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire. In 1930, he became the commander of the Guards Brigade. In 1932, he learned how to fly, and later becoming the chairman of the Household Brigade Flying Club. In Nov 1935, he was promoted to the rank of major general. In 1936, he was named the commandant of the Staff College. In May 1937, he was made a Companion of the Bath. In Sep 1937, he became the Military Secretary to the War Minister Leslie Hore-Belisha at the temporary rank of lieutenant general. In Dec 1937, he was made a general, appointed to the Army Council, and appointed the Chief of the Imperial General Staff. On the first day of 1938, he was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath. Just prior to the start of the European War, he advocated the strengthening of the British Army so that it could assist France in the defense of the Low Countries, if necessary, in the face of potential German aggression.

ww2dbaseAfter the European War began in Sep 1939, he was given command of the British Expeditionary Force in France. When Germany invaded France and the Low Countries, his troops were ultimately unable to stop the invasion, and on 25 May 1940 he ordered all offensives to cease so that preparations for evacuation could begin. Although he was credited for saving the bulk of the British Expeditionary Force from destruction, he also bore the shame of the defeat in France especially given the fact that he failed to launch any major counter-offensives. Upon his return to Britain, he served as the aide-de-camp to King George VI, Inspector of Training, held command of the Home Guard, Governor of Gibraltar (1941-1942), and Governor of Malta (1942-1944). In Jun 1943, he was made a field marshal, and he received the field marshal's baton from King George VI at Malta.

ww2dbaseIn Nov 1944, Lord Gort became the High Commissioner for the British Mandate of Palestine. After the war, during a meeting with Field Marshals Alan Brooke and Bernard Montgomery, he collapsed. At the hospital, he was diagnosed with cancer. In Feb 1946, he was made Viscount Gort in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. He passed away in Mar 1946. His Irish Viscountcy of Gort was passed to his brother, while his British Viscountcy became extinct.

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